What is the function of vacuum, pressure relief, and pressure reducing valves in a plumbing system?

The function of vacuum, pressure relief, and pressure reducing valves in a plumbing system primarily revolves around maintaining safety and integrity within the system by addressing pressure-related concerns. These valves are designed to manage and control the internal pressure of the pipes.

Vacuum valves prevent negative pressure situations, which can cause damage or collapse of pipe sections. Pressure relief valves are essential because they open to release excess pressure in a system, preventing potential ruptures or failures that might occur under high pressure. Similarly, pressure reducing valves serve to lower the incoming water pressure to a safer level before it enters the plumbing system, thus protecting pipes and fixtures from undue stress and damage.

While these functions certainly suppress risks associated with high or low pressure, enhancing water flow efficiency, filtering impurities, or regulating temperature are not primary responsibilities of these specific valves. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the importance of preventing pipe damage from pressure issues, ensuring the safe and effective operation of the plumbing system.